The United States continues to experience the spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1, with ongoing detections in both domestic animals and wildlife. As of mid-2025, 140 domestic cats have been reported infected, including a recent case from Contra Costa, California. The virus has also been detected in various mammal species such as a desert cottontail rabbit in Arizona and a red fox in Colorado. Dairy herds remain affected, with the USDA reporting the 1,074th infected herd in Arizona and a cumulative total of 1,077 herds across 17 states, including 770 in California alone. The USDA has extended its dairy cow milk testing program for H5N1 until September 30, 2025. Additionally, some states such as New York, Montana, and Connecticut have achieved or joined the USDA's "unaffected" status list for dairy cow milk vats. In the UK, H5N1 has been confirmed in wild birds and commercial poultry, including a recent outbreak in Wales. Spain has reported outbreaks on turkey and chicken farms affecting tens of thousands of birds. The World Health Organization, along with the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Organisation for Animal Health, has updated its risk assessment, maintaining that the overall risk to the general public remains low, with low to moderate risk for those with professional or frequent animal contact. Concerns persist about the adequacy of containment measures and compensation programs for affected dairy farmers in the US, with experts noting that financial compensation without improved biosecurity practices may not halt the outbreak. Environmental surveillance in places like Palo Alto, California, suggests possible spillover events through wildlife drainage into sewage systems, indicating challenges in monitoring and controlling the virus's spread.