Health authorities have reported an increased risk of West Nile virus across multiple U.S. locations and Europe. Chicago officials have classified the risk as high due to a greater proportion of mosquitoes testing positive for the virus, with the city confirming its first three human cases in 2025. Similarly, Ohio reported its first human case of West Nile virus in Columbus this year. New York City has detected mosquitoes carrying the virus in 89 ZIP codes, urging residents to use insect repellent, especially during dusk and dawn. In Europe, Italy is experiencing a rise in West Nile fever cases, resulting in at least 16 deaths and a fatality rate of 15 percent. Concurrently, the UK has seen an increase in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza detections in poultry, with outbreaks reported in other regions as well. Notably, the first suspected cases of H5 avian flu have been identified in seabirds in Antarctica, including 8 Adelie penguins and 1 Atlantic cormorant, indicating a possible expansion of the virus into the continent. Additionally, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed 7 cases of Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) out of 17 patients under investigation in 2025.