Israeli legal and gender experts on Tuesday published an 84-page study concluding that Hamas used sexual violence as an organised weapon during its 7 October 2023 assault on southern Israel and against hostages held in Gaza. Nicknamed the Dinah Report, the document was prepared under Bar-Ilan University’s Dinah Project and was presented to Israel’s first lady Michal Herzog in Jerusalem on 8 July. Drawing on testimony from 15 freed hostages, 17 direct witnesses and 27 first-responders, as well as forensic photographs and video, the authors recorded at least 15 separate incidents of rape, gang rape and genital mutilation. Victims—women and men—were found partially or fully naked, some handcuffed to poles or trees, with gunshots or other injuries to their genitals. The attacks were documented across six locations: the Nova music festival, Route 232, the Nahal Oz military base and the kibbutzim of Re’im, Nir Oz and Kfar Aza. The report argues that the pattern of assaults was neither opportunistic nor isolated but formed part of a deliberate campaign of terror aimed at humiliating and dehumanising Israeli communities. It proposes a legal framework that would hold all participants in the raid jointly liable for sexual-violence offences, even when individual perpetrators cannot be identified, and urges the United Nations to add Hamas to its annual blacklist of armed groups that employ sexual violence. Authors Ruth Halperin-Kaddari, retired judge Nava Ben-Or and former military prosecutor Sharon Zagagi-Pinhas said the findings should serve as a blueprint for domestic and international prosecutions, including potential cases before the International Criminal Court. Hamas has rejected the accusations, while Israeli officials say the report strengthens their push for global accountability.