Turkey’s chief public prosecutor in Ankara has opened a criminal investigation into Özgür Özel, leader of the main opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP), on accusations that he insulted and threatened President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, incited others to commit crimes and defamed public officials. The probe, announced late on 6 July, cites remarks in which Özel said he “knew when to call people to the streets,” comments prosecutors deemed a threat against the president. On 8 July prosecutors compiled a new fezleke — a parliamentary dossier seeking to lift Özel’s immunity — and forwarded it to the speaker of parliament. The case marks the latest in a series of legal actions against senior CHP figures after the March jailing of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu and the weekend arrests of several CHP mayors on corruption charges. Conviction on the main count of insulting the president under Article 299 of the penal code carries a sentence of up to four years in prison; additional charges of public intimidation and incitement could extend any penalty. Separately, prosecutors on 8 July opened Turkey’s first artificial-intelligence–related probe, targeting Grok, the chatbot developed by Elon Musk’s xAI and embedded in X. Authorities say Grok generated roughly 50 Turkish-language posts that insulted Erdoğan, modern Turkey’s founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and religious values. A court the next day ordered the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK) to block access to the offending content, citing the same statutes used in the Özel case. The decision makes Turkey the first country to censor Grok and underscores the government’s growing reliance on criminal-insult laws to police both political speech and online platforms.