A landmark federal trial began on August 11, 2025, in San Francisco to determine the legality of former President Donald Trump's deployment of National Guard troops and U.S. Marines to Los Angeles during protests following immigration raids in June 2025. The state of California, led by Attorney General Rob Bonta and Governor Gavin Newsom, argues that the deployment violated the Posse Comitatus Act, a nearly 150-year-old law restricting the use of the military in domestic policing. California contends that the troops were sent to silence protests and that their presence caused anxiety and fear among residents. The Trump administration maintains that the president had the authority to deploy the military to support immigration enforcement and public safety. U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer presided over the bench trial, which included testimony from military officials such as Army Deputy Chief of Staff William Harrington. The court questioned whether the protests qualified as a "rebellion" under U.S. law, a key factor in the administration's justification for the deployment. The trial, which lasted three days, could have national implications regarding the limits of presidential power and the use of military forces in domestic affairs. The case, Newsom v. Trump, highlights ongoing tensions between the Trump administration and California over federal troop deployments and immigration enforcement policies.