President Donald Trump has signed the sweeping budget reconciliation measure Republicans have labeled the “One Big Beautiful Bill,” a package that combines tax cuts, new defense and border-security spending, and what supporters call the largest overall spending reduction ever enacted. Conservative advocates, including former White House adviser Stephen Miller and Senator Rand Paul, say the legislation delivers on long-promised priorities, calling it “the most conservative bill in a lifetime.” GOP leaders signal the July law will be followed by another omnibus spending measure in September aimed at further curbing federal outlays. Independent analyses highlight sharp reductions to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. The Urban Institute estimates 22.3 million families will lose some or all SNAP benefits, with households that are affected forfeiting an average of $146 a month. The Congressional Budget Office projects the bill will cut the food-assistance program’s funding by 20 %, or about $186 billion, over the next decade, in part by expanding work requirements to adults up to age 64 and certain parents and veterans. State-level reviews underscore broader economic effects. Minnesota officials calculate the law will add $2.7 billion to residents’ home-energy bills, jeopardize 23,000 clean-energy jobs and slow construction projects tied to the state’s clean-power transition. Because Minnesota counties, rather than the state, administer human-services programs, local governments warn property taxes may climb an average 3.25 % to offset the SNAP reductions. Democrats contend the legislation channels new tax breaks to high-income households while raising costs for working families and threatening social-safety-net programs. Republicans counter that the changes rein in federal deficits and will spur economic growth, setting the stage for further budget battles when Congress considers September’s follow-up spending bill.