Former U.S. President Donald Trump and several European leaders have discussed creating security guarantees for Ukraine that would mirror NATO’s Article 5 collective-defence commitment yet operate outside the Alliance, according to people familiar with the talks and public comments by Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. Meloni said the concept, originally advanced by Rome, was a focal point of the 15 August summit between Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Anchorage, Alaska, and of a subsequent conference call with European heads of government. She told reporters the goal is to establish a legally binding pledge under which the United States and partner nations would treat any new attack on Ukraine as an attack on all signatories, thereby deterring fresh Russian aggression while sidestepping the political hurdles of NATO membership. Negotiators are still working on the scope of the commitment and on Washington’s exact role, and no timeline for an agreement has been set. Diplomats said the mechanism could be folded into a wider peace accord intended to end the 30-month war, but stressed that substantive details, including troop deployments and trigger thresholds, remain unresolved.